Smartphones as Modern Phones
The smartphone that we use today is a communication device whose existence has spread widely throughout the world. It can be said that every household on this earth has at least one smartphone unit. Without research, we all understand how popular smartphones are today. Try to pay attention to how many units of smartphones are in your house, and also pay attention to your left and right neighbors.
The spread and use of this communication tool is so fast and large, this is partly due to the tendency of the internet-based digital world in almost all fields and human activities.
Judging from its history, smartphones do not necessarily come with the form and function as they are now, but have gone through a long process and development, starting from a pioneer cellphone to the form it is today with various features and technology embedded in it.
It all started with the cellular invention pioneered and developed by an American company, it was first designed in1940, but the invention was never put into production. In1973 Martin Cooper designed a truly portable cell phone. From Cooper’s design, then continued to the production level by US cell phone manufacturer Motorola, the mobile phone produced was codenamed Dyna TAC, which is a cell phone production from the first generation.
As is well known, a cell phone is a portable telephone unit that can send and receive telephone calls or short messages via radio frequency as long as the user is within its coverage area. The radio frequency is then processed by the cell phone operator’s MSC (mobile switching center) system so that the frequency signal can be accessed by the PSTN (public switched telephone network).
Why are handphones called “cellular”, the network where the handphone frequency operates is in the form of blocks with an area of 26 Km square, and each of these blocks consists of several hexagonal cells, the number of cells in each block ranges from 7 to 12 cells. Between one cell and other cells are interconnected so that it resembles the structure of cell tissue.
Each network cell is represented by a BTS (base transceiver station).
Cell phones that previously only had 2 features, namely sending and receiving phone calls and short messages, have now become digital phones equipped with various new features besides the old features that are still being maintained. New features that are planted include multimedia messaging, internet access, email.
Short-range wireless access is also increasing, apart from infrared and Bluetooth it is also equipped with Wi-Fi.
The embryo of the world’s first smartphone was created in 1992 by a technology company from the United States, IBM.
The world’s first smartphone was called Simon Personal Communicator (SPC). Starting from zero G, 1G, and in 2001 the first smartphone that supported a 2G network connection was born. 2007 was a milestone in the history of the smartphone industry, namely since the release of the iPhone by Apple with a 3G network connection.
Communication satellites have also become standard equipment for navigation and communication connections, video game features and digital photography are also embedded in modern mobile phones. With the ability to match a laptop, the device is called a smartphone.
The transmission system that accompanied the first generation of mobile telephones was called GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). GSM including CDMA works on 2G networks while the next generation UMTS and CDMA2000 work on 3G networks.
The next generation, namely Smartphones, uses the LTE (Long Term Evolution) transmission system which works in the 4G network which is a combination and development of the two 2G and 3G technologies above.
Among the three (2G, 3G and 4G) there are capacity specifications and data transmission speeds that differ from one to another, each of which is influenced by the accompanying hardware, software and systems.
Some of the things that distinguish between Cell Phone Cars and Smartphones are:
Cellular Connection :
Wireless connection using GSM cellular network protocol. Accommodates voice and data calls.
Smartphone connection:
LTE connection Accommodates for high speed data communication.
Cellular frequency :
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time-division (TDMA).
Smartphone frequency :
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) and Single-carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA)
Cellulr communication standard :
2G and 3G communication standards.
Smartphone communication standard:
Using fourth generation 4G.
Cellular operating base:
Works in 900 MHz and 1800 Mhz frequencies.
Base operating smartphone:
The frequencies from 1 to 25 and from 33 to 41 are reserved for FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) respectively.
Cellular information channel :
Information is transmitted through channels that are separated into physical and logical channels.
Smartphone information channel :
Information is carried using physical, logical, and transportation channels.
Cellular Sim card :
Customer information is stored in the Sim card.
Smartphone Sim Card :
Sim card is required to verify the customer’s cell phone.